πŸ“– How to Use -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš” – Intermediate Level (TOPIK 3–4)

How to Use -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš” | Intermediate Korean (TOPIK 3–4)

ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 전톡 νƒˆ 이미지 μΈν˜•


Do you know how to say “I have to…” in Korean?


 This lesson will teach you how to use -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”, a key grammar pattern to express obligations or things you must do in everyday situations—perfect for intermediate learners aiming for natural Korean conversations.


πŸ“š Table of Contents



πŸ’‘ Meaning of -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”

-μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš” is used to express necessity or obligation, similar to “must” or “have to” in English.

Example: μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. – I have to do homework.



πŸ›  How to Form -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”

  • If the verb stem has ㅏ or γ…— → add -μ•„μ•Ό ν•΄μš” κ°€λ‹€ → κ°€μ•Ό ν•΄μš” (must go)
  • If the verb stem has other vowels → add -μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš” λ¨Ήλ‹€ → λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš” (must eat)
  • For ν•˜λ‹€ verbs → add -ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš” κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ‹€ → 곡뢀해야 ν•΄μš” (must study)

Tip: In casual speech, “ν•΄μš”” can change to “λΌμš”” (e.g., ν•΄μ•Ό λΌμš”) and still means “must.”



πŸ“ When to Use It

  • When talking about daily obligations: “내일 일찍 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.” (I must wake up early tomorrow.)
  • When giving instructions: “λ²„μŠ€λ₯Ό 타야 ν•΄μš”.” (You must take the bus.)
  • When emphasizing necessity: “μ§€κΈˆ κ°€μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.” (I must go now.)

πŸ’‘ Note: This pattern is polite and used in both spoken and written Korean. For very formal settings, consider “-μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.”



πŸ’¬ Example Sentences

  • μ§€κΈˆ 집에 κ°€μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. – I have to go home now.
  • 회의 μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. – I must prepare for the meeting.
  • 이 약을 ν•˜λ£¨μ— 두 번 λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. – You must take this medicine twice a day.
  • λ‚΄μΌκΉŒμ§€ μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό μ œμΆœν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. – I have to submit homework by tomorrow.

🧩 Quick Check: Can you change “λ¨Ήλ‹€” (to eat) into a sentence using -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”?



πŸ—£ Practice Dialogue

A: 였늘 저녁에 뭐 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”? What do you have to do this evening?

B: μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. 그리고 친ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. I have to do homework and meet a friend.

A: 내일 아침에도 학ꡐ에 κ°€μ•Ό ν•΄μš”? Do you also have to go to school tomorrow morning?

B: λ„€, 8μ‹œκΉŒμ§€ κ°€μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. Yes, I have to be there by 8 o’clock.

🧩 Quick Check: How would you say “I have to study Korean today” using this pattern?



🌏 Did You Know?

Did you know? In Korean culture, obligations are often tied to social roles. For example, during holidays like Chuseok or Seollal, family members say “집에 κ°€μ•Ό ν•΄μš”” (I must go home) to fulfill duties of ancestral rites, showing how grammar connects to cultural traditions.



πŸ“¦ Final Thoughts

Understanding and using -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš” allows you to express responsibilities naturally in Korean. Practice by describing daily routines or obligations in your own life—it will quickly become one of your most used grammar patterns at the intermediate level.

May this lesson help you speak more confidently about what you must do in Korean. Keep exploring new grammar to elevate your fluency!



πŸ”— Related Posts



πŸŽ“ Want to practice expressing obligations in real conversations?
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