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🟢 Making Negative Sentences with 안/못 | Beginner Level (TOPIK 1–2)

Making Negative Sentences with 안/못 — Beginner (TOPIK 1–2)

Quick map

  • = “don’t/won’t” (choice/habit) · = “can’t” (unable/blocked)
  • ~지 않다 / ~지 못하다 · 아니다 / 없다 · ~지 마세요

🎯 Learning Goal

  • Understand the difference between (not) and (cannot)
  • Learn common mistakes and fix them fast
  • Practice with short, real-life sentences

📚 Key Grammar Point

“안 해요” vs “못 해요” — what’s the difference?

→ intention/choice (자발적 부정). 저는 아침을 먹어요. — I don’t eat breakfast.

→ inability/external reason (불가/방해). 저는 아침을 먹어요. — I can’t eat breakfast.

Extra — with focus particles:
아침 먹어요 (only) · 아침 먹어요 (also)

💡 Useful Expressions

  • 안 가요 — I’m not going.
  • 못 해요 — I can’t do it.
  • 안 봐요 — I’m not watching.
  • 못 자요 — I can’t sleep.

🙋 Practice Dialogue

A: 오늘 영화 볼 거예요? — Are you going to watch a movie today?
B: 아니요, 영화 봐요. — No, I’m not watching.

A: Why?
B: 시간이 없어서 봐요. — I can’t because I don’t have time.

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • Using for a voluntary “I don’t” → Use .
    자발적·습관적 부정이라면 을 쓰세요.
  • Using when schedule/ability blocks you → Use .
    시간·능력·규정으로 불가하면 을 쓰세요.
  • Spacing errors: 안 하요 / 못해 요안 해요 / 못해요.
    띄어쓰기와 붙임을 정확히 표기하세요.
  • Translating “isn’t (a N)” with 없다 → Use 아니다.
    명사 부정은 아니다, 소유/존재 부정은 없다입니다.
  • Forgetting negative adverbs pairing (전혀/하나도/아무도/별로/거의) → need a negative verb.
    부정부사 뒤에는 반드시 부정 동사를 결합하세요.

❓ FAQ: 안 vs 못

When do I use 안 vs 못 in Korean?

= not/don’t (choice/intention). 저는 커피를 마셔요.
= can’t/couldn’t (inability/external reason). 저는 커피를 마셔요.

Is 못 always about ability?

Mostly yes — lack of ability or constraints: 시간이 없어서 가요. Intentional refusal → .

Can I use 안 and 못 together?

No, meanings conflict. Choose one by context. 함께 쓰지 않습니다.

How do I decide quickly in real life?

“I don’t by choice?” → / “I can’t due to limits?” → . 습관 부정도 .

📝 Pop Quiz

Fill each blank with (not) or (cannot). Open Show Answer to check RR + full sentence.

  1. 저는 커피를 ____ 마셔요.
    Show Answer 저는 커피를 마셔요. — I don’t drink coffee.
    (jeo-neun keo-pi-reul an ma-syeo-yo)
  2. 저는 수영을 ____ 해요.
    Show Answer 저는 수영을 해요. — I can’t swim.
    (jeo-neun su-yeong-eul mot hae-yo)
  3. 친구를 자주 ____ 만나요.
    Show Answer 친구를 자주 만나요. — I don’t meet friends often.
    (chin-gu-reul ja-ju an man-na-yo)
  4. 비가 와서 산에 ____ 가요.
    Show Answer 비가 와서 산에 가요. — I can’t go because it’s raining.
    (bi-ga wa-seo san-e mot ga-yo)
  5. 시간이 없어서 숙제를 ____ 했어요.
    Show Answer 시간이 없어서 숙제를 했어요. — I couldn’t do my homework.
    (si-ga-ni eop-seo-seo mot hae-sseo-yo)

👩‍🏫 Teacher’s Tips — Make “안 vs 못” automatic

1) Hear the meaning (volition vs inability)

  • “AN” signals choice/habit: say it calmly with a gentle fall — “An haeyo.”.
    ‘안’은 선택/습관의 부정이에요. 부드럽게 내려 말하세요 — “안 해요.”
  • “MOT” signals inability/block: say it short and firm — “Mot haeyo!”.
    ‘못’은 능력/상황의 불가예요. 짧고 단단하게 — “못 해요!”
  • Minimal pairs: lazy mood → “I don’t swim (An).” / pool closed → “I can’t swim (Mot).”
    대조: “귀찮아서 수영 해요.” / “수영장이 닫혀서 수영 해요.”

2) 3-step chunk drill

  1. Pick a pattern: an/mot + V, V-ji anhda, V-ji mothada.
    패턴: 안/못 + 동사, 동사-지 않다, 동사-지 못하다.
  2. Swap the verb: go/eat/teach/contact/attend → 3 sentences each.
    치환: 가다/먹다/가르치다/연락하다/참석하다 → 동사별 3문장.
  3. Add a reason: no time / stomachache / not my taste / due to policy.
    이유: 시간이 없어서 / 배가 아파서 / 취향이 아니라서 / 규정 때문에.

3) Negative adverb combos

  • rarely/hardly → “I hardly drink coffee.”
    별로/거의 → “커피를 별로 안 마셔요.”
  • not at all → “I didn’t understand at all.”
    전혀/하나도 → “전혀 이해하지 못했어요.”
  • nobody → “Nobody came.”
    아무도 → “아무도 오지 않았어요.”

4) 2-minute daily routine

  1. Mirror 30s: “An gayo / Mot gayo / Gaji anayo / Gaji mothaeyo”.
    거울 30초: “안 가요 / 못 가요 / 가지 않아요 / 가지 못해요”.
  2. Record 30s: add reasons — overtime / no time / not allowed.
    녹음 30초: 이유 붙여 말하기 — 야근/시간 부족/금지.
  3. Role-play 60s: friend(안) · boss(지 못하다) · sign(지 마세요).
    역할극 60초: 친구(안)·상사(지 못하다)·안내(지 마세요).

5) Quick checklist

  • Choice vs inability? choice → AN, inability → MOT.
    자발 vs 불가: 자발=안, 불가=못.
  • Noun negationANIDA; possession/existenceEOPDA.
    명사 부정=아니다, 소유/존재=없다.
  • Public rules → prefer -ji maseyo.
    공공 안내~지 마세요를 우선.

🌀 Say What?

안 되겠다! — Literally “It won’t work!”, often “That’s it! / I can’t take it anymore!”

Example: 너무 배고파서 안 되겠다. 뭐라도 먹자! — I’m starving; I can’t take it. Let’s eat!

📌 Did You Know?

Kimchi-making season, gimjang, was recognized by UNESCO in 2013 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage.

한국의 겨울 문화 중 하나인 김장철은 2013년에 유네스코 인류무형문화유산으로 등재되었습니다.

💭 Final Thoughts

Mastering “안” vs “못” makes your Korean clear and natural. Keep drilling with real-life reasons (choice vs inability), and your decisions will become automatic.

🚀 Practice & Lessons

👋 Try today: Make 5 sentences with and change them to ~지 않다. Then switch 3 to with a real reason.

🎓 Get feedback: Book a 1:1 lesson for quick corrections & intonation coaching.

🔗 Quick jumps: #patterns · #mistakes · #teachers

👤 About the Author

I am a Korean teacher on italki. I create practical beginner–intermediate guides for real conversation.

  • Experience: 1:1 수업에서 “안 vs 못, 아니다 vs 없다” 오류를 체계적으로 교정
  • Expertise: beginner curriculum, pronunciation & intonation coaching
  • Authoritativeness: LearningKR.com 운영 및 학습 자료 배포
  • Trust: 모든 예문은 최대한 일상생활에 사용하는 것으로 합니다. 피드백은 댓글/이메일 환영

Last updated: 2025-08-27 (KST) · Contact: REPLACE_WITH_CONTACT

This article will be continuously revised and improved based on learner needs. Until I'm 100% satisfied. :)


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